Most people think fertility testing should begin with the woman, but in real medical practice, it is a discussion for both partners. Many men believe that if they feel healthy, their fertility must be normal. However, male-related factors are quite common, and checking male fertility is usually simple and non-invasive. It is about time that we normalise male fertility checkups as a routine assessment for pregnancy planning.
In an exclusive conversation with Technology and health, Dr Neeraj Singla , Medicine Specialist at Singla Hospital, Rajasthan shared with us the key parameters to understand when men should go for fertility testing:
Failed Conception After One Year Of Active Trying
The first thing to consider is timing. If a couple has been having regular, unprotected sex about two to three times a week for one year without achieving pregnancy, then both partners should get evaluated. If the female partner is 35 years or older, it is better not to wait for a full year and to seek medical advice after six months.
Pre-Existing Risks of Reproductive or Intimate Health IssuesMen should also think about an earlier fertility check-up, even before trying for a long time, if they have certain medical or lifestyle factors. According to Dr Chaudhari, these include a history of mumps after puberty, undescended testis, testicular injury or torsion, or any surgery in the groin or scrotal area. Problems like varicocele, scrotal pain or swelling, or a testicular lump are also important reasons to get checked early.
Previous Medical History Previous cancer treatments such as chemotherapy or radiation, or the use of anabolic steroids or testosterone therapy, can affect fertility and should not be ignored.“Long-term health conditions like diabetes, thyroid disorders, severe obesity, or chronic kidney or liver disease can also play a role. Past sexually transmitted infections, repeated genital infections, or symptoms like burning sensation during urination are other warning signs.
Sexual Health Issues
Sexual health issues are another reason for early evaluation. Difficulty with erection or ejaculation, very low sexual desire, or problems during intercourse may be linked to fertility concerns.
Lifestyle Factors Additionally, lifestyle factors such as frequent use of hot tubs or saunas, keeping a laptop on the lap for long hours, exposure to chemicals or pesticides, heavy smoking, alcohol consumption, or use of recreational drugs can negatively affect sperm health.
Guide To Male Fertility Testing A male fertility check-up usually starts with a detailed medical history and a physical examination. Explaining further, Dr Singla says, “The doctor checks the testes and looks for conditions like varicocele. The most important test is a semen analysis, which looks at semen volume, sperm count, movement of sperm, and their shape. This test often gives the most useful information.”If the semen report shows any concerns, further tests may be advised. These can include hormone tests, a scrotal ultrasound, or other specific tests depending on the situation. Not every man needs advanced testing; it is decided based on the initial findings.
How To Prep For Fertility Testing?Before giving a semen sample, some preparation is needed.Men are usually advised to maintain two to five days of abstinence.Alcohol and smoking should be avoided for a few days before the test.It is important to inform the doctor about any supplements, testosterone, or steroid use.Any recent fever or illness should also be mentioned, as it can temporarily affect sperm quality.
